Analysis of lipoprotein(a) level and related factors in healthy Tajik and Kazak adults in Xinjiang / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution and related factors of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level in healthy Tajik and Kazak adults in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to October 2021 and March to June 2022, and blood samples were collected from 2, 637 healthy Tajik adults [1 010 men, average age: (40.08±14.74) years; 1 627 women, average age: (38.27±12.90) years] in Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County and 1 911 healthy Kazak adults [720 men, average age: (42.10±12.26) years; 1 191 women, average age: (38.27±12.90) years] in Fuyun County of Xinjiang. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and Lp(a) were measured. The distribution of Lp(a) levels in different sex and age groups was compared. The Lp(a) level of Tajik and Kazakh ethnic groups was compared by Mann-Whitney U test, and correlation factors of Lp(a) level were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results:The distribution of Lp(a) level in Tajik and Kazak population was skewed. Lp(a) levels of Tajik and Kazak ranged from the lowest 0.40 mg/L and 0.62 mg/L to the highest 1 229.40 mg/L and 2 108.58 mg/L, respectively, and the median Lp(a) level was 78.90 (38.60, 190.20) mg/L and 103.30 (49.57, 234.27) mg/L, respectively. Median Lp(a) level of Kazak was significantly higher than that of Tjik ( P<0.001). The median Lp(a) levels of Tajik males and females were similar: 77.45 (39.80, 187.10) mg/L and 79.90 (38.60, 192.30) mg/L ( P=0.948). The median Lp(a) levels of Kazakh males and females were also similar: 109.42 (50.49, 230.38) mg/L and 99.01 (49.11, 237.25) mg/L, respectively ( P=0.578). After pooling the data of Tajik and Kazak and adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, blood pressure, blood glucose and other factors, Lp(a) level was correlated with ethnic (standard partial regression coefficient 0.066, P=0.008) and LDL-C level (standard partial regression coefficient 0.136, P<0.001). Conclusions:Lp(a) level in healthy Tajik and Kazak adults varied greatly among individuals, and Kazak residents had a higher Lp(a) level than Tajik residents. There was no significant sex difference in Lp(a) level among Tajik and Kazakh, and LDL-C and ethnicity are independent factors related to Lp(a) level.

The relationship between physical activity and incident hypertension in rural Chinese / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of incident hypertension among population in rural areas of China.@*Methods@#The Community Intervention of Metabolic Syndrome in China & Chinese Family Health Study (CIMIC) was conducted in 2007-2008. Data on PA, smoking, drinking, blood pressure and other variables were obtained at baseline. Then the follow-up study of incident hypertension was performed during 2012-2015. A total of 41 457 participants aged ≥18 years and free from hypertension at baseline were included in the final analyses. PA was calculated as metabolic equivalent (MET) for each participant. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the relationship of PA with incident hypertension according to the quartiles of PA.@*Results@#A total of 6 780 participants developed hypertension during an average follow up of 5.8 years. The annual incidence of hypertension was 2.80%. Compared to participants in the first quartile of PA, HR (95%CI) of incident hypertension decreased with the level of PA of 0.92 (0.86, 0.99), 0.72 (0.67, 0.77) and 0.70 (0.65, 0.75) for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile, respectively (Ptrend<0.001). In subgroup analyses, compared to the first quartile, hazards of hypertension among normotensive participants (systolic blood pressure less than 120 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mm Hg) in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile were 0.82 (0.70, 0.95), 0.73 (0.63, 0.85) and 0.78 (0.67, 0.90), respectively (Ptrend=0.002). Among participants with prehypertension (systolic blood pressure from 120 to 139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure from 80 to 89 mmHg), similar trend for the relationship of PA and incident hypertension was also found with HR (95%CI) of 0.94 (0.87, 1.01), 0.71 (0.65, 0.77) and 0.66 (0.61, 0.71) for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile, respectively (Ptrend<0.001).@*Conclusion@#There was linear trend association between PA and incident hypertension. Increased PA in daily life may be a protective factor against hypertension.

Relationship Between the Changes of Plasma Levels of Resistin With the Contemporary Body Weight Changes in the Same Population / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between the changes of plasma levels of resistin with the contemporary body weigh changes in the same population. Methods: The community based epidemiological surveys were carried out in the same population in Shijingshan district of Beijing at the year of 2005 and year of 2010. A total of 943 subjects with the entire information of cardiovascular related risk factors were enrolled including 316 male with the mean age of (58.2 ± 8.5) years and 627 female with the mean age of (59.3 ± 7.5) years. Plasma levels of resistin in both year of 2005 and year of 2010 in all subjects were recorded, and the subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the quartile levels of resistin. Group①, the subjects with plasma level of resistin ≤ (-0.66) mmol/L,n=239, Group②, resistin level (from -0.67 to 0.25) mmol/L,n=233, Group③, resistin level (0.26-1.24) mmol/L, n=235 and Group④, resistin level ≥1.25 mmol/L,n=236. Pearson correlation study with uni- and multi- regression analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between the changes of plasma levels of resistin with the contemporary body weight changes in the same population.Results: The uni-variate analysis showed that in female subjects, plasma levels of resistin were obviously related to the percentage (%) of body weight changes (correlation coefifcient: 0.1173), body weight index (kg/m2) changes (0.1521), the% of body weight index changes (0.1412), the waist circumference (cm) changes (0.1228) and the % of waist circumference changes (0.1057) respectively, allP0.05. Multi-regression analysis indicated that with adjusted baseline variables, in female subjects, the plasma levels of resistin were obviously related to body weight (kg) changes and the % of body weight changes (regression coefifcient: 0.0261 and 0.2916), body weight index (kg/m2) changes and % of body weight index changes (0.2157 and 0.3072), the waist circumference (cm) changes and the% of waist circumference changes (0.0532 and 0.2738) respectively, allP0.05. Conclusion: The changes of plasma levels of resistin are signiifcantly related to contemporary body weight changes in female subjects, but not in male subjects.

Cloning and characterization of a thermostable urate oxidase from Microbacterium sp. strain ZZJ4-1 / 生物工程学报

In order to characterize a thermostable urate oxidase (Uox) from Microbacterium sp. strain ZZJ4-1, we cloned its gene (uox). The open reading frame of uox contained 894 base pairs and encoded a protein with 297 amino acids. Alignment of gene sequences indicated there was no obvious identity with the most reported uox and that 72% identity was found with uox from Arthrobacter globiformis. We inserted the gene into the plasmid pET-15b to construct an expression vector pET-15b-uox and got it induced expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After the purification of the recombinant Uox by the HisBind column, we studied some properties of it. It was composed of subunits with a molecular mass of about 35 kDa. The optimal temperature and pH was 30 degrees C and pH 7.5. It was stable below 65 degrees C and from pH 8.5 to 11.0. The Km value was 0.22 mmol/L with the uric acid as the substrate. Ag+, Zn2+, CU2+ and SDS could totally inhibit its activity while Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100 had a slight promotion effect. The thermal stability of this enzyme was the most excellent among the reported recombinant Uox. Based on this property, it would be very useful in the application.

Purification and characterization of a sarcosine oxidase from Bacillus sp. BSD-8 / 生物工程学报

We purified a sarcosine oxidase from Bacillus sp. strain BSD-8 isolated from soil. We purified the enzyme by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose, Toyopearl hydrophobic and Sephadex G-75 molecular sieve chromatography and characterized the purified sarcosine oxidase. This sarcosine oxidase was a flavin enzyme containing a noncovalently bound flavin with the subunit molecular mass of 51 kDa. The optimal temperature for this enzyme was 60 degrees C and it showed its highest activity at pH 8.5. It was stable in the pH range of 8.0-10.0 and at the temperature of 60 degrees C. Estimated by Lineveaver-Burk plots, the K(m) of the enzyme was 3.1 mmol/L. Ag+, Hg2+, SDS and Tween 80 dramatically inhibted the enzyme activity, whereas Tween 20 and Triton X-100 had no effect on enzyme activity. The thermostability of this enzyme was better than reported sarcosine oxidases, and it could be applied in enzymatic measuring of creatinine.

Effect of the genetic variants of heme oxygenase-1 gene on blood pressure level in hypertensive pailents / 中国综合临床

Objective To assess the relationship between the polymorphisms of heme oxygenase-1 gene and blood pressure level.Methods With the whole-gene based tagging SNP approach,3 tag SNPs of heme oxygenase-1 gene were selected for study.These tag SNPs were genotyped in 503 essential hypertension cases Blood pressure lev-els among different genotypes of each SNP were compared with ANOVA.The haplo.stats program wa8 employed to test haplotype frequency with blood pressure level.Results Subjects with rs2071749 A allele had the lower blood pressure levels than subjects with GG genotypes(SBP:159.5 mm Hg vs.168.5 mm Hg and DBP:97.6 mm Hg vs.101.3 mm Hg respectively.P<0.05).In the haplotype analyses.Haplotype T-T-A which carried the rs2071749 A allele was found significantly associated with SBP and DBP after adjustment for age,gender,body mass index.8n10k.illg and drinking·Conclusion The genetic variants of heine oxygenase.1 gene misht be associated with blood pres-sure levels.

A rat model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by infusing bleomycin quickly through tracheal intubation / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To study the approach for developing a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM). METHOD: Different doses (7, 6, 5, 3.4, 2, 1 mg/kg) of bleomycin A5-saline were infused into the rats' lung in bleomycin-treated group through tracheal intubation, and rats in sham-operated group were infused with same volume of saline. The living state and lung pathology of the rats were observed. The author deeply studied the condition of the rats in 1 mg/kg bleomycin-treated group, and the changes of body weight and lung pathology were observed. Lung quotient, the content of transforming growth factor beta1(TGF-beta1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in serum were measured on the 14th, 28th and 45th day of the experiment. RESULTS: The study demonstrated that infusing large doses of bleomycin A5 quickly through tracheal intubation had a high mortality, and infusing 1 mg/kg quickly could successfully develop an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. Compared with the sham-operated group, fibrosis was appeared obviously in the rats' lung in 1 mg/kg bleomycin A5-treated group after 14 days of experiment, diffuse fibrosis was appeared after 28 days of experiment, and the fibrosis became more severe after 45 days of experiment. The body weight of the rats in bleomycin-treated group was declined after 3, 7 and 14 days of experiment as compared with the sham-operated group (P0.05). Lung quotient was increased 14, 28 and 45 days after the experiment (P<0.01), the level of serum TGF-beta1 began to increase since 28 days after the experiment (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the level of serum PDGF also increased gradually 45 days after the experiment (P<0.05). And the mortality rate of 1 mg/kg bleomycin A5-treated group was lower than those of the other doses of bleomycin A5-treated groups. CONCLUSION: A rat model of pulmonary fibrosis can be duplicated successfully by infusing 1 mg/kg bleomycin A5 quickly through tracheal intubation.

Influence of Feixian Formula on serum transforming growth factor-beta1 and platelet-derived growth factor in rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Feixian Formula, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating pulmonary fibrosis, on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and its influence on serum transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). METHODS: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were infused with bleomycin (1 mg/kg) through tracheal intubation to induce pulmonary fibrosis, and they were randomly divided into untreated group (n=24), prednisone-treated group (n=24) and Feixian Formula-treated group (n=24). Fifteen male Wistar rats of the sham-operated group were infused with equivalent normal saline. Twenty-four hours after operation, prednisone (5 mg/kg) and Feixian Formula (1.25 g/kg) were given to the prednisone-treated group and Feixian Formula-treated group respectively by intragastric administration once a day. Equivalent saline was administered to rats of the untreated group and sham-operated group. On the 14th, 28th and 45th day, 5 rats in the sham-operated group and 8 rats in each of the other three groups were dissected to observe pathologic changes of the lung tissues, and the levels of serum TGF-beta1 and PDGF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: At the 45th day, the degree of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis was lesser in rats of the Feixian Formula-treated group as compared with those of the untreated group and prednisone-treated group. The levels of serum TGF-beta1 and PDGF were increased, and were significantly higher than those of the sham-operated group, especially on the 45th day (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the prednisone-treated group and the Feixian Formula-treated group (P>0.05). PDGF in the Feixian Formula-treated group reached the highest level on the 14th day, significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.01). Then it decreased, and was close to that of the sham-operated group on the 45th day (P=0.792). The levels of PDGF in untreated group and prednisone-treated group were increased depending on time, and were obviously higher than that of the sham-operated group on the 45th day (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Feixian Formula can relieve bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and the mechanism of its action may be related to down-regulating serum PDGF.

Combined Action of ACE Gene I/D and GNB3 Gene C825T Polymorphisms on Essential Hypertension in Northern Han Chinese / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Essential hypertension (EH), a complex polygenic disease, is considered to the result of the genetic interaction of multiple gene alterations in concert with environmental factors. Evidences showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) gene are both important susceptibility genes for EH, and that there exists putative biological connection between the two genes in developing hypertension. To investigate whether hypertension was affected by gene-gene interaction between the two genes in the northern Chinese Han population, a case-control association study including 502 hypertensive cases and 490healthy controls was conducted, selecting the ACE gene I/D polymorpinsm and the GNB3 gene C825T polymorphism. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed a significant nonrandom distribution only in male hypertensives, indicating that interaction between ACE gene and GNB3 gene may predispose males to the occurrence of hypertension. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression in single locus analysis, with adjustment for common risk factors for hypertension, demonstrated that the OR for DD/ID versus Ⅱ for hypertension among men was significant (OR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.09 ～2.27; P = 0.016) in dominant genetic model. In combination analysis stratified with respect to gender, slightly significant ORs were found after adjustment in males: OR for TT vs CC, 0.11; 95%CI, 0.01 ～0.99; P = 0.049 within ACE DD genotype; OR for DD/ID vs Ⅱ, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01 ～2.29; P = 0.047 within GNB3 CC+CT genotype. The results suggest that ACE, or a nearby gene, is a male-specific susceptible gene for hypertension, and that there may exist epistatic gene-gene interaction between ACE D allele and GNB3 825C allele.

Effect of FeixianFang on MMP-1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1,TIMP-2 in rats model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleocin / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of FeixianFang on matrix rebuilding of pulmonary fibrosis in rats.Methods: Rats were randomly divided into the model group,the sham operation group,the FeixianFang group and the prednisone group.Pulmonary fibrosis model was set up by intratracheal injection of bleocin.On the 14th,28th and 45th day,MMP-1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1,TIMP-2 in the serum were detected.Results: FeixianFang can significantly reduce the level of MMP-1,MMP-2 and TIMP-1,TIMP-2 in the serum of rats with pulmonary fibrosis.Conculusion: FeixianFang can inhibit matrix rebuilding in pulmonary fibrosis rats.